Steam meters in industrial settings today are as common as the gas meter hanging on the side of our houses.

Even back in the 1800's we needed instruments to not only control our boilers, but also to provide for billing of energy services delivered.

In the old days, they simply scribed a line via pencil on a drum mounted piece of paper.

Following is the introduction from Hawkin's "Practical Treatise - on the - Steam Engine Indicator" as originally published by Theo Audel & Co Publishers, New York.

Reprints of this book expected to be available within the coming year.  Feel free to make inquiries.